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To equip healthcare workers with the knowledge and skills for prevention and management of cervical pre-cancerous lesions, the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) has trained 63 health workers in the FCT, Katsina, Nasarawa, and Rivers States.

During the three-day training, participants engaged in practical demonstrations on the use of Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) machine in managing pre-cancerous cervical lesions. Trainees, including doctors and nurses, built their capacity on cervical cancer treatment methods and screening in a see-and-treat program, infection prevention, as well as sterilization. They are to step down the training to others in their health facilities for improved screening and treatment of precancerous lesions among Women Living with HIV (WLHIV)

IHVN Program Manager, Dr. Victoria Igbinomwanhia said that the training is important in building the capacity of health care workers in facilities supported by IHVN across all four States in the screening and treatment of WLHIV.

“Women Living with HIV are six times more predisposed to cervical cancer compared to non-WLHIV. The training provided these professionals with the required skills to identify precancerous lesions and promptly treat using either the thermo-ablation or LEEP machine depending on the location and extent of the lesion. This ensures that eligible WLHIV between the ages of 25 and 49 years who receive care and treatment at the ART clinics are provided screening yearly. This Is a component of the HIV comprehensive care package to improve the quality of life and reduce mortality in already stable WLHIV,” she said.

According to Dr. Igbinomwanhia, the next steps following the training include distribution of LEEP machines to all four States, step-down training to other facility staff championed by the trained participants, continued onsite mentoring and supervision  and immediate treatment of all clients identified with precancerous lesions amenable for treatment with the LEEP machine.

Dr. Oluseyi Asaolu, who participated in the FCT training, said that the training was beneficial and looks forward to stepping it down to resident doctors “The most important thing is scaling it down to others who can use the equipment regardless of who is on duty.” Another participant, Mrs. Aisha Haladu from Kastina State, said that utilizing the LEEP machine would benefit clients who would ordinarily be unable to afford cervical cancer screening.

One of the services that the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) supports in 368 health facilities in FCT, Rivers, Nasarawa, and Kastina states is the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services. This involves the provision of HIV diagnosis, care, and treatment for mothers and babies and results in HIV-free babies.

From 2004 to June 2023, IHVN has provided HIV counseling and testing to 5.5 million pregnant women and PMTCT services to more than 126,000 women who tested HIV positive.

Blessing, a petty trader, is one of the women who have received PMTCT services in Rivers State University Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. She recalls that when she discovered her HIV status in 2013, one of her greatest fears was that she would not be able to get married or give birth to HIV-free children.

“I thought that being HIV positive was a death sentence but the doctor who counseled me assured me that I could live long, get married, and have my own children. He gave me medications and guided me on how to take them,” she said.

It was a dream come true for Blessing when she married in 2019 and got pregnant afterward.

“At the antenatal clinic, the healthcare workers welcomed me like everyone else. I was not stigmatized. I was impressed and happy. When I was in labour, they gave me VIP treatment, I delivered safely,” she said.

Blessing and her baby were given medications and supported by a peer mentor who assisted her with hospital processes during pregnancy, delivery, and after delivery. Her baby was tested at six weeks and 18 months.

“I was happy when the test showed that my baby is HIV negative,” Blessing said. She has also received PMTCT services for her two-month-old baby who she is currently breastfeeding.

“My advice to others is not to be scared about HIV. You are not alone, don’t die like a chicken. Since I started taking HIV medications in 2013, I rarely fall sick. I am strong and healthy. You can eat well and live your normal life even when taking medications. You can even live to see your great-grandchildren,” she said.

Another mother with HIV-free children is Bomi A., who was thrilled after an Early Infant Diagnosis test at six weeks and a rapid test at 18 months showed that her babies were HIV-free.

“My first child is four years old and my second is two years old.  For the first child, I was worried when I came to the hospital. I asked the doctor if everything would go well, and he assured me that it was well. For the second one, I was not worried. Antenatal services are given free by the Rivers State government. I did not pay for the PMTCT services in the hospital either.”

 “My mentor mother often calls me to ask how I’m feeling and if I am facing any challenges. She also updates me with relevant information. When I come to the clinic, she checks to see that I’m alright,” she said.

Bomi added that during her facility visits, she interacts with other women living with HIV and is encouraged by their resilience.

“I’m excited to tell others to try their best to take their medications as prescribed,” Bomi said.

IHVN Rivers State ASPIRE Project Manager, Dr. Stanley Idakwo, noted that between April 2019 to September 2023, IHVN supported the testing of 7,122 antenatal clients and placed 69 newly identified HIV pregnant women on anti-retroviral treatment at Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH). “More than 500 babies have been delivered HIV-free from HIV-positive mothers who have benefitted from PMTCT services. RSUTH is one of the largest facilities providing PMTCT services in Rivers state, hence its reach cut across communities all over the state,” he said.

IHVN Program Manager Prevention Care and Treatment, Dr. Victoria Igbinomwanhia said that IHVN provides PMTCT services in both health facilities and in the community to improve access to the services.

“We are collaborating with Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) and faith-based homes to offer PMTCT services. We provide them with HIV test kits; we have trained the TBAs to conduct HIV testing, referring those who are identified positive to designated supported facilities to commence ART. We have hub and spoke models where TBAs are mapped to supported health facilities. If clients are tested in the community, we find out whether they prefer to access PMTCT in the community or facility.” she said.

In line with the theme of the 2024 World Tuberculosis Day, “Yes! We can end TB and slogan: No gree for TB! Check Am O,” Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) has sensitized the public about tuberculosis and efforts to address the disease in the country.

During a pre-World TB Day ministerial press briefing to commemorate the day, IHVN Senior Manager, Dr Temitope Adetiba stated that in collaboration with the National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer Control Program (NTBLCP), and other partners, IHVN has notified over 200,000 people affected by tuberculosis across 31 states.

“Not all Nigerians have access to tuberculosis services, and this gave rise to our foray into the private sector because data shows that more than 60% of Nigerians access health care first in the private sector. We engaged with patent medicine vendors, community pharmacists, and traditional healers, and can reach more Nigerians,” he said.

He added that the new phase of the Global Fund grant in Nigeria involves scaling up tuberculosis services to all states of the federation.

“I am happy that the members of the press here can take this message out there, that people in the community can go to the nearest patent medicine vendor, traditional birth attendants for tuberculosis services. We have trained these people across the country to be able to provide quality assured tuberculosis services.

Also, through the support of the Global Fund, we have optimized the Gene Xpert platforms. To be able to conduct tests round the clock, they have been equipped with solar panels, batteries and inverter systems so that whenever tuberculosis specimens are sent for test, the results can be available within 24 hours,” he added. 

IHVN also participated in road walks in Abuja and Lagos to create awareness about the disease. In Abuja, the walk was from Garki Ultra-Modern Market to Garki Old Market while in Lagos State, the walk held in Ikeja – from the Ministry of Health to the House of Assembly and Shoprite.

Every year, the world commemorates World Tuberculosis Day on March 24th to raise awareness about tuberculosis and efforts to eliminate the disease

Every year, the world commemorates World Tuberculosis Day on March 24^th to raise awareness about tuberculosis and efforts to eliminate the disease. The global theme for this year’s activities is “Yes We Can End TB” with the national theme being, “Yes We Can End TB…No Gree for TB.”

Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) will be joining the National Tuberculosis, Leprosy and Buruli Ulcer Control Program (NTBLCP) and other organizations for community outreaches, a road walk, press briefings, amongst other activities.

IHVN Director of Programs, Special Projects, Dr. Aderonke Agbaje, states that “219 out of every 100,000 Nigerians have tuberculosis and each person with tuberculosis could infect 12-14 close contacts in a year.”

Dr. Agbaje called on Nigerians to take advantage of the free tuberculosis services available at health facilities and through community outreaches.

“Nigerians should pay attention to the information being provided about their health. Walk to the nearest health facility, State Ministry of Health, or local government health service provider to seek information and to be properly directed to where they can get tuberculosis services,” she said.

To address tuberculosis in Nigeria, IHVN implements the USAID/Nigeria Tuberculosis Local Organization Network (TB-LON 3), a five-year project to scale up tuberculosis services and find missing TB cases. It started in April 2020 and is engaging stakeholders to strengthen a resilient system for sustainable TB control in Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, and Osun states.

IHVN is also funded by The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria as a Principal Recipient to implement the Grant Cycle 7 (GC7) grant. The grant is a combined effort for tuberculosis (TB) and HIV and is focused on ensuring early diagnosis of TB and HIV while providing comprehensive care for affected individuals. The grant, which runs from January 2024 to December 2026, will increase the provision of tuberculosis services in the community and through public-private partnerships. Other grant objectives include expanding HIV testing for all pregnant women in communities and strengthening laboratories and supply chain management.

Findings from the Ensuring Quality Access and Learning for Mothers and Newborns in Conflict-Affected Contexts (EQUAL) project being implemented by the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN) have shown that gender, cultural, and religious beliefs affect care seeking for mothers and their babies.

EQUAL Principal Investigator in Nigeria, Dr. Emilia Iwu stated this at an event in Abuja organized by the project to disseminate research findings from key informant interviews and literature reviews.

“EQUAL project is funded by the UK International Development from the UK Government. The research is working to generate evidence on effective approaches for delivering life-saving maternal and newborn health (MNH) in countries affected by conflict. The duration of the project being conducted in Yobe State is from July 2021 to April 2026,” she said.

She added that findings have revealed that women encounter violence, sexual abuse, and limited healthcare access resulting in preventable maternal deaths and psychological stress.

“While MNH services are generally accepted, cultural norms such as women requiring spousal permission to access medical care and the religious beliefs that home births are divinely sanctioned hinder the timely seeking of maternal and newborn health services,” Dr. Iwu said.   

She noted that despite existing maternal newborn health policies and initiatives in Yobe State, persistent challenges such as inadequate funding, equipment and health workers hinder effective implementation of the policies.

Dr. Iwu urged the government and partners to increase funding dedicated to free medical care to address inadequate financing and capped number of beneficiaries.

“Boko Haram insurgency in Yobe State has disrupted MNH services. There has been destruction of health care facilities, theft of medical equipment, displacement of staff, heightened risks of abduction and murder of health care workers.”

The Principal Investigator said that addressing determinants of care seeking through investments in the health system, creation of awareness, social behavior change and improved quality and coverage of care will improve access to health services by women and children.

Assistant Director of Education at the Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN), Mr. Tinbuak Yanai, who was also at the dissemination event, said that “Proper training and scaling up of training of health care workers will improve the health of mothers and newborn babies in Yobe state.”

Stakeholders from the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), International Rescue Committee (IRC), Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI), Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH), Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN), USAID, Integrated Health Program (IHP) and others participated in the dissemination event.

The EQUAL consortium consists of partners such as the International Rescue Committee (IRC), the Institute of Human Virology Nigeria (IHVN), the John Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health, the Somali Research and Development Institute (SORDI), and the Catholic University of Bukavu (UCB).